Working with Sources in the United States
Sources are the foundation of journalism, and in the United States, the relationship between journalists and sources is governed by well-established professional and cultural norms. For international correspondents, understanding these expectations is essential to building trust and avoiding misunderstandings that can damage credibility.
American sources generally expect clarity from the outset. Journalists are expected to explain who they are, which outlet they represent, and how the information may be used. Ambiguity around attribution is discouraged. Terms such as “on the record,” “off the record,” and “on background” have specific meanings, and it is the journalist’s responsibility to ensure mutual understanding before information is shared.
“Attribution” is taken seriously in U.S. journalism. Most reputable outlets favor on-the-record sourcing, particularly for factual claims. Anonymous sources may be used, but typically only when the information is of clear public interest and cannot be obtained otherwise. Editors often require justification for anonymity and may ask reporters to identify sources internally.
Trust-building in the U.S. context is incremental. Sources may be cautious initially, particularly when speaking with foreign media. Demonstrating subject-matter knowledge, accuracy in previous reporting, and respect for context helps establish credibility. Follow-up communication and fact-checking with sources, when appropriate, reinforce professional reliability.
Ethical expectations are also shaped by legal considerations. Sources are aware that statements may carry consequences, and journalists are expected to avoid misrepresentation or selective quoting. Corrections, when needed, should be handled transparently and promptly.
Power dynamics matter as well. Journalists must navigate relationships with officials, corporate representatives, and private individuals differently. Vulnerable sources require particular care, including sensitivity to privacy and potential harm.
For international correspondents, working effectively with U.S. sources means combining journalistic rigor with cultural awareness. Clear communication, ethical consistency, and professionalism are the cornerstones of sustainable source relationships.
