What Journalists Need to Know About Microplastics

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles less than 5 millimeters (about 0.2 in) in size, have been detected in some of the most remote and extreme environments on Earth. They have been found in the depths of the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in the world's oceans, and atop Mount Everest, the highest peak on the planet.

These tiny plastic particles are not a distant environmental issue; they are becoming an increasing concern for human health. Recent studies reveal that microplastics are making their way into our bodies as well, raising questions about their potential impacts on our health and well-being. The presence of microplastics in our food, water, and air suggests that we are constantly exposed to these pervasive pollutants. 

Plastic does not decompose like food and paper; it breaks into smaller pieces. When these pieces are under five millimeters, they are called microplastics. Microplastics smaller than a micrometer are termed nanoplastics, which can penetrate cell barriers. Due to plastic's widespread use, microplastics are present in almost everything, including animal products, water, and air. While complete avoidance is difficult, there are methods to reduce your exposure to microplastics.

There are two main routes of entry of microplastics into our bodies: breathing them in and swallowing them. Research shows that our food and water are tainted with microplastics. Microplastics have been discovered in common fruits and vegetables. In laboratory studies, wheat and lettuce plants have been observed absorbing microplastic particles, likely through uptake from soil containing these particles. This is probably how microplastics end up in our produce. 

Sewage can also contain microplastics from personal care products and washing machines. A study in southwest England found that using all the treated sludge from a wastewater plant as fertilizer could release microplastic particles equivalent to over 20,000 plastic credit cards into the environment monthly. Additionally, fertilizers are coated with plastic for controlled release, plastic mulch film protects crops, and irrigation water often contains microplastics.

To reduce microplastic exposure, regularly dusting and vacuuming our homes is essential, as it helps minimize the inhalation or consumption of microplastic fibers that settle in household dust. Additionally, avoiding disposable plastic water bottles can significantly cut down on microplastic intake. If disposable bottles must be used, it is important to store them in cool, dry places and out of direct sunlight to prevent degradation, which releases microplastics. Installing home water filters is another effective measure, as these filters can reduce the number of microplastic particles present in tap water.

In the kitchen, opting for cutting boards made of wood, glass, or steel instead of plastic can further decrease microplastic contamination in food preparation. These materials do not shed microplastics the way plastic boards do. When reheating food, using glass containers rather than plastic ones is crucial, since heating plastic can release millions of microplastic particles into the food. By adopting these practices, we can significantly reduce our exposure to microplastics and contribute to a healthier living environment.

Reporting on Microplastics

Journalists can report on microplastics by emphasizing their pervasive presence and impact on both the environment and human health. They can highlight the detection of microplastics in remote locations illustrating their widespread contamination. Articles should explain how microplastics infiltrate our food, water, and air, entering our bodies through inhalation and ingestion and can call on experts to help bring more detail from related studies.

Journalists can also detail how microplastics originate from decomposing larger plastics, sewage sludge, personal care products, and washing machines, and how they contaminate soil and agricultural produce. Additionally, they can provide practical advice for reducing exposure.